The new technology being implemented by a consultant under the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme Two (WAAPP-2) would be piloted in some selected districts in the Northern region.

Farmers would be introduced to an e-extension hub through a central portal to be located to serve the nation with data and information.

Mr Emmanuel Alorigiya, Communication Officer of WAAP who disclosed this in Tamale on Tuesday during a sensitisation workshop, said the aim of the e-extension platform is to efficiently disseminate information to farmers using common languages that many farmers understand.

He said adequate agricultural ideas would be transmitted through the platform to capture, store and retrieve information by farmers using standard smart mobile phones.

“There are very few agriculture extension officers in the country and this is the best way to educate farmers.”

WAAPP is a World Bank funded project, which started in 2007 to 2012 as a first phase at the cost of $15 million.

The second phase started in 2012 and ends in 2017 at the total cost of $60 million as a loan to the country.

Mr Alorigiya said the project, which is being implemented in 13 West African countries is targeting tuber crops in its first phase but was up-scaled to general agricultural productivities which facilitate research and crop variety development and dissemination.

He said the project shares knowledge and technology aligned with regional priorities to address poverty and food insecurity through regional cooperation and integration.

This success story was shared among the participating countries.

Through the success of the phase one, he said a lot of crop varieties had been developed. He mentioned cassava, cocoyam and yam as crops that had received enough attention.

Mr Alorigiya said small ruminant and guinea fowl rearing and vegetables cultivation have been introduced in the second phase, adding: “Climate change and gender inclusion are important component of the phase two.”

TheNorthern Regional Director of MOFA, Mr William Boakye-Acheampong expressed worry about inadequate extension agricultural officers in the region, stressing that in the next five years, almost all the extension officers would have gone on retirement.

This situation he said would affect agricultural information dissemination.
He appealed to the Ministry to make a policy change and employ more staff to fill up vacancies to ensure the achievement of the agricultural goals of the country.

Ghana/GNA

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The shipment of 100,000 tonnes was to have been delivered to Iran in mid-February but was delayed by preparations for Pakistan’s May 11 election.

“The wheat is being given to Iran against the outstanding payment of $53 million for electricity supplied to Pakistani border areas from the Iranian grid,” ministry spokesman Mohammad Ashraf said.

“The interim cabinet has approved the decision and exports will be initiated as early as possible.”

The European Union and the United States have imposed toughened sanctions meant to discourage Tehran’s nuclear programme, which they say has a military purpose. Iran rejects that claim, saying its programme aims at the peaceful production of electricity.

Western sanctions do not target food shipments, but financial measures have frozen Iranian companies out of much of the global banking system, hindering payments for imports, on which Iran relies for much of its food.

Pakistan is battling a chronic energy shortage, which is inflaming public anger and stifling industry. Power outages can last eight to 10 hours a day in cities, with much more frequent cuts in rural areas.

“Pakistan is an energy-starved country facing severe power cuts that are badly hampering industrial output,” Ashraf said. “Connecting far-flung areas to Pakistan’s grid is a costly affair.”

Electricity from Iran costs Pakistan around $3 million a month and is supplied to towns near the Iranian border, including the port city of Gwadar.

Pakistan also says it is building a $7-billion gas pipeline with Iran, despite US pressure on Islamabad to back out of the project.

Dawn

That is a good omen. If the province prepares a long-term policy framework and pursues them through next five years, the provincial development would certainly be more integrated, more fruitful and more beneficial for everyone.

The party knows the province’ weaknesses and strengths well, and it may time to put that knowledge to work.

The agricultural department would do well if it works on three-tier policy framework: how to encourage use of balanced farm inputs, bring more integration, and train farmers to produce quality and standardised products.

There are is a long list of other areas (ever receding water supplies, climate change, changing dietary habits of people, land fragmentation, unplanned urbanisation, etc.) that would challenge Punjab planners. Such a plan will only succeed if the planner and executioner know, and are capable of doing, what it plans to do. Unfortunately, current working conditions, mode and work ethics of the department hardly inspire that kind of confidence in it.

Presently, its four directorates, that have to conceive and lead any initiative, are in total disarray that creates more confusion than clarity.

Similarly, most of wings (crop reporting, pest scouting) under them duplicate each other’s work, and create uncertainty in the field. Foreign funded projects, which bring luxury vehicles and heavy salaries, are another source of perplexity as they were never integrated in the system.

They are conceived and executed independently, but report to the departmental head. The entire field force of the department is working under the district coordination officers (DCO) and does not report to the parent department anymore.

To be efficient, the departments need to be a lean, integrated and organised unit. Keeping in view population growth, the province has to ensure wheat production well over 20 million tonnes in the next five years, from current 18.50 tonnes.

It would require rice yield to grow to 3.5 million tonnes from 3.2 million tonnes, and maize and sugar cane production to increase to 3.5 and 50 million tonnes respectively. All these figures suggest domestic requirements, not export possibility. For export regime, Punjab will have to take an entirely different route of planning and production.

Precisely for these reasons, input sector would be of vital importance for the planners. Take the example of balanced fertiliser use. The province uses 62kg fertiliser per acre. All experts suggest NPK ratio of 2:1:1. It means if a farmer is using 10 kg of nitrogen, he should use five kg each of phosphorous and potash. In Punjab, the ratio is 50kg:10.50kg:500 grams. This eventually means destroying soil fertility with every passing year.

The Indus civilisation boasts of being 5,000 years old, which means that the soil has also been in use during those five millennia to varying degrees. And if the province keeps on taxing rather than renewing land, it may not be able to permanently ensure food security.

Apart from balanced use of inputs, which experts believe can increase input by a straight 20 per cent, the province has to quickly set things right on the seed sector.

There must be an elaborate system to trail farmers, certify farms and introduce agriculture-related technology. With more than 90 per cent farmers holding around five acres of land, training, awareness and technology hardly make any sense for them.

That is where the government’s five-year plan can contribute; encouraging, through policy, some kind of community farming — routing all facilities through these organisations. Once these farmers are put back on their feet, the province can experiment into other forms of farming, like corporate farming.

Fortunately, Punjab has huge clusters of kinnow, mango, potato, rice and maize fields where farmers’ training can be very easy, and so would be technology transfer.

On top of them all, the province has a very elaborate system of middlemen, who hold almost 70 per cent of any crop in pledge. They also have direct and very effective linkage with the farmers. These middlemen can be put to very effective use for farmers’ training and in introducing technology.

Agriculture revolves around farmers and unless they are taken on board in policy-making chances of success become remote.

Dawn

“It seems to have become a rule rather than exception that water supply is not ensured even during Kharif season”, says Sindh Abadgar Board (Sab) President Abdul Majeed Nizamani. Farmers need water to prepare nurseries of rice crop in early May in upper Sindh region while in Kotri barrage’s command area; water flow is required in April. The shortage is seriously affecting rice sowing.

According to initial assessment, Sukkur and Kotri barrages are facing 30 per cent and 50 per cent shortage respectively as of May 14. Currently, the right bank canals of Sukkur and Guddu barrages are closed for de-silting and annual maintenance. Rice bank canal is scheduled to open before May 20 for rice cultivation under a high court’s decision given last year. According to officials, shortage may rise to 40 per cent in upper Sindh areas once the right bank canals of Sukkur barrage start drawing water.

Other barrages in Sindh are also facing water crisis including Nara canal of Sukkur barrage which irrigates lands in Mirpurkhas and Sanghar districts, Rohri canal and Khairpur Feeder East and West of Sukkur barrage. Dadu canal, which mainly feeds rice growing areas, is the worst sufferer drawing just 1,000 cusec of water, one-fifth of its demand.

Initially, Kotri barrage was getting 10,000 cusec of water but as of May 14 the flow shot down to 8,550 cusec against the requirement of 15,700.

Tarbela dam is receiving an inflow of 40,000 cusec with an outflow of 35,000 cusec. According to a barrage official — who monitors the water supplies within Sindh and releases from Indus River System Authority (Irsa) — the level will improve with inflows from Kabul which itself depends on rainfall.

However, this will take at least 12 days to materialise gains for Sindh. “We don’t get any flows from Mangla dam as far as water provision is concerned which is usually filled with eastern rivers”, he adds.

Water supplies are apportioned in line with 10 daily allocations for each barrage’s canals under Water Apportionment Accord 1991. Under the mechanism Sindh’s share is 64,140 cusec at Guddu barrage upstream; however, as of now the flow is limited to 51,440 cusec.

The 7,740 cusec of water allocated for Guddu barrage, which is lying closed, has been channellised towards Sukkur and Kotri as well.

In order to counter the severity of water shortage that would go up as Kharif season settles in, irrigation authorities have designed area-specific rotation programme for canal closure to ensure maximum water supply to all areas. The programme has been sent to chief engineers of barrages for implementation.

Nizamani links water shortage with Irsa, the top water regulatory body. “The entire water distribution system revolves around Irsa’s decisions and Sindh is always at the losing end”, he complains, adding that ever since Irsa’s federal representative, Bashir Dahar, quit his post in October 2010, Sindh’s water woes have multiplied.

“The federal government’s representative in Irsa should essentially be from Sindh as per constitutional cover given during Musharraf regime to safeguard Sindh’s water interests in early 2000”, Nizamani says, arguing that Asjad Imtiaz, who’s now hold the position is an ex-officio member of Irsa, and does not have the right to vote for a decision on water allocation.

Sindh had opposed water supplies for power generation purposes from Tarbela dam but it was allowed by Irsa. Then Chashma-Jehlum canal was opened in March despite Irsa’s objection and on the basis of voting. The cumulative effect has resulted in the crop cycle getting disturbed.

Now Sindh’s crop follows crop harvesting in Punjab, a reverse of what used to happen earlier. Sab general secretary Syed Mehmood Nawaz Shah contends that adequate water flows are needed for cotton’s cultivation because of rising temperature during May since temperatures in the month usually rise higher than June and July.

Crops, particularly mango orchards need water as it is peak time for fruit’s harvest if it wants to avoid massive shedding, Shah says.

Dawn

Pakistan is also known as fifth, 10th and 14th largest rice exporter, biggest area cultivator and leading producer of the rice in world, respectively.

Hybrid cultivators have, over several years, enhanced the yields of other more freely crossed varieties like maize, for instance. However, it is hybrid that rice plays a foremost role in introducing superior yield frontier and thus reduces sustainable food insecurity. Moreover, hybrid rice endows farmers to attain substantial yield improvements through open pollinated or inbred lines.

The idea is that if we cross male and female plants which are genetically distant from each other, the progeny will be superior with high performance, primarily in terms of yield; this is what is known in agriculture as hybrid vigour or heterosis.

Hybrid rice seed was introduced in Pakistan in 2003 and at that time the farmers were reluctant to accept this change because due to lack of awareness regarding advanced agricultural technologies.

At present, hybrid rice is planted on an area of approximately 5,20,000 acres that is just about one-fifth of the total area under rice cultivation. Furthermore, hybrid rice exhibited significant escalation in its cultivation since last few years and the motive behind its reputation among the farmers is its extraordinary yield potential in comparison with the traditional low yielding varieties.

In fact, a farmer achieves around 80-100 maunds per acre yield after sowing hybrid rice. It was also reported that farmers have attained yield as high as 110 to 120 maunds per acre in some areas of the country.

The business of the private sector companies reveals a remarkable contribution in agriculture of our country in terms of hybrid rice or other GM (genetically modified) seeds. These companies also promise to increase the production manifold. Currently, almost 800 registered seed companies are operational, together with four public sectors and five multinational companies.

Guard rice is the first private sector rice research seed company which was given authorisation by the government and of the initial six hybrid rice varieties approved for commercial cultivation, four had originated from Guard rice. Some other private agricultural companies such as Pioneer (PHB-71, rice hybrid variety), Auriga Group of Companies (Almas, rice hybrid variety) and Bayer Crop Science (Arize 403 & Arize H-64, rice hybrid varieties) have also developed their own rice hybrids.

Private seed companies import hybrids from China and there are wide variances in soil and climatic conditions of the both countries. Therefore, it is not certain whether a hybrid that is performing best in terms of yield in China will provide the same potential locally. Such hybrid varieties should be tested on the research farms of provincial agricultural departments to check whether the imported seed is suitable for our soil and climatic circumstances, and ensure that farmers only use certified seed varieties.

Private sector has taken the initiative to develop new technologies and advance brands of seed, while government institutes are lagging behind. Notably, in Pakistan the average national yield of rice is still 24 maunds per acre, which is one of the lowest in the world; therefore government should extend its support to private companies which are interested in conducting research in hybrid rice development.

Production of hybrid rice has also helped enhance Pakistan’s rice exports in recent years, but still we lack the real objective and rice research needs a boost through key participation by the government, so that rice exports and farmers’ income is improved.

Dawn

The Board has proposed revision of Federal Excise Duty (FED) rate on sugar. The commodity is currently exempt from sales tax and charged to FED at the rate of 8 percent as compared to all major commodities/products which are chargeable to standard rate of 16 percent sales tax. This preferential treatment to sugar industry resulted in huge revenue loss to the government exchequer.

The FBR has proposed that instead of FED, sales tax at standard rate of 16 percent (or 17 percent as being proposed separately) may be levied, sources added. The government had given tax incentives on the export of sugar by drastically reducing Federal Excise Duty (FED) from 8 percent to 0.5 percent on local sale of sugar equivalent to quantity actually exported by the Sugar mills as per assigned export quota.

In order to boost export revenues, the FBR had incentivised export of sugar by providing a reduced rate of FED leviable on local supply of sugar @ 0.5 percent instead of 8 percent rate leviable on production and supply of sugar. The reduced rate of duty shall only be applicable on the quantity of local sale of sugar equivalent to the quantity actually exported by the sugar manufacturers in accordance with the export quota allotted and shall be available on submission of export proof. The balance local supply shall continue to be subject to Federal Excise Duty @ 8 percent.

Business Recorder

This was stated by Professor Dr Iqrar Ahmad Khan, Vice Chancellor UAF while addressing the reception ceremony of newly-elected members of National & Provincial Assemblies organised by the Department of Public Relations & Publications at New Senate Hall on Saturday Evening.

Dr Khan emphasised to put the food security on top of the agenda item as it was determined to steer the country out of energy crises. He was of the view that without increasing investment in the fields of agriculture, science & technology and livestock, the fruits of prosperity could not be harvested at National Level.

UAF Vice Chancellor maintained that after aggressive exercise of quality standardisation and innovative research outcomes, UAF has been placed at 142nd position in Global Universities QS Ranking of USA which is Golden Landmark for the Country. He added that this ranking will grow vertically to achieve excellence in the days to come. He expressed his concern over stagnation of National Wheat yield at 25 million tons and stressed the need for adopting new technologies to cross the production barriers. He lauded the generous support of previous Punjab government for the University which enabled us to complete record development projects at the campus.

Dr Khan urged the newly-elected members of the parliament to put their weight for providing more funds to UAF that would certainly pave a way to ensure higher education facilities to the poor and neglected rural youth of the country.

He termed the shrinking water resources, a daunting challenge and asked the members of parliament to use their influence to steer the university out of circular debt caused by recent deficit budgets by injecting more resources.

Business Recorder

The vote was 36 to 10, with mostly Democrats voting against the bill after nine hours of debate.

Efforts to pass a farm bill last year failed when House leaders refused to bring their version of the bill to the floor for a vote. The Senate did pass its version. The most recent farm bill, which passed in 2008, was extended until Sept. 30.

The committee’s chairman, Representative Frank D. Lucas, Republican of Oklahoma, praised the efforts of the committee in passing the bill, but warned that there was still a lot of work ahead as the measure  headed to the full House. “I’m pleased the committee was able to work together, find some common ground, and advance a five-year farm bill today,” Mr. Lucas said.

The House bill cuts projected spending in farm and nutrition programs by nearly $40 billion over the next 10 years. Just over half, $20.5 million, would come from cuts to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, commonly known as food stamps. The Senate voted to cut spending by $23 billion, with $4.1 billion of the cuts coming from the food stamp program.

The House bill, like the Senate’s version, would eliminate direct payments to farmers, which are made annually whether they grow crops or not. Currently, farmers who grow corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton and other crops receive about $5 billion in direct payments. Billions of dollars saved by eliminating direct payments would be directed into other subsidy programs, including crop insurance and new subsidies for peanut, cotton and rice farmers.

The House, like the Senate, basically left the sugar program alone, keeping price supports and restrictions on imports intact. The bill adds money to support fruit and vegetable growers. It also restores insurance programs for livestock producers, which expired in 2001, leaving thousands of operations without disaster coverage last year during the worst drought in 50 years.

The House farm bill passed the committee with strong bipartisan support but exposed a division among committee members over the size of cuts to the food stamp program, which has long been a target of conservatives.

Hoping to get more Republicans to support the bill, Mr. Lucas and Collin C. Peterson, Democrat of Minnesota and ranking member on the committee, increased the amount of the cuts by $4 billion from $16 billion in last year’s bill.

Representative Jim McGovern, Democrat of Massachusetts, and a number of other Democrats on the committee offered an amendment that would have restored proposed cuts to the food stamp program. That amendment was defeated 27 to 17. The vote was largely along party lines, although Mr. Peterson, along with two other Democrats, voted against the amendment.

Cuts to the food stamp program was hotly debated, with members quoting Bible verses to support keeping the food stamp programs at current levels or cutting it.

Representative Juan C. Vargas, Democrat of California, who opposes cuts to the food stamp program, began the thread by quoting a biblical passage from the 25th chapter of the Book of Matthew.

“I’m a Christian, and this chapter talks about how you treat the least among us,” said Mr. Vargas, adding that he would not support a bill that made such deep cuts to the antihunger program.

But K. Michael Conaway, a Texas Republican, countered that argument. “I take umbrage to that,” he said. “I take Matthew 25 to mean me as an individual, not the U.S. government.“

Representative Stephen Fincher, Republican of Tennessee, then quoted a Bible verse from the 26th chapter of Matthew, saying the “poor will always be with us” in his defense of cuts to the food stamps program. Mr. Fincher said obligations to take care of the poor should be left to churches, not the government.

“Christians, Jews Muslims, whatever — we are failing our sisters and brothers,” Mr. McGovern shot back.

A report by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a nonpartisan Washington research group, said the cuts in the food stamp program would eliminate two  million people from the program, most of them children and older people. The report said the cuts would come in addition to a reduction that food stamp recipients would experience starting Nov. 1., when benefits that were increased under the 2008 economic stimulus expire.

“Placing the SNAP cuts in this farm bill on top of the benefit cuts that will take effect in November is likely to put substantial numbers of poor families at risk of food insecurity,” the report said.

Senate leaders announced Wednesday that they would begin work on their $955 billion farm bill next Monday. House leaders have not set a timetable.

The NewYork Times

Under the Section 144, inter-district wheat movement is banned by the provincial food department and it remains in place until it accomplishes the desired wheat procurement target as the goal for the current year is set at 1.3 million tonnes.

According to Sindh Food Department sources, the campaign has gained momentum following imposition of free wheat movement restriction as so far some 864,000 tonnes of the target have been accomplished.

Earlier the campaign was moving at a snail’s pace but during the last 10 days it has gained considerable momentum, which is likely to continue during the coming days ahead.

However, one notable feature which may hamper realisation of 1.3 million tonnes procurement goal was late initiative by the department, which provided adequate time margin to hoarders and exporters to purchase bulk quantity from farmers and growers at lower rates compared to the official ones set by the previous government which was Rs 3,000 per 100 kgs bag.

Majority of hoarders with the start of wheat harvesting season managed to communicate farmers and growers offering them cash incentive for their yields as a consequence they succeeded in procuring wheat at their desired rates.

The belated action by the Sindh Food Department to procure wheat officially by using administrative measures though helped to push wheat rates up but it also resulted in higher rates of flour in Karachi which relies heavily on supply of the commodity from interior Sindh.

Flour prices had plunged by around Rs 4 to Rs 5 per kg when low priced wheat was arriving easily in Karachi but with the enforcement of restriction by the Sindh Food Department, the rates of flour re-surged in Karachi markets as a consequence consumers were compelled to pay higher rates of the commodity to retailers.

Currently quality chakki flour is available to consumers at retail outlets at Rs 42 to Rs 43 per kg, which is higher as compared to old rates of Rs 38 per kg while ex-mill was sold at Rs 37.50 per kg as compared to previous rates of Rs 34 per kg, indicating sharp increase in their rates.

“The higher prices of flour is likely to persist until the Sindh Food Department announces to lift ban on inter-district wheat movement,” claimed an office bearer of All Pakistan Flour Mills Association, Sindh Chapter replying to a query of the scribe.

The decision is likely to be announced once the department realises 1.3 million tonnes wheat procurement goal.

Daily Times

Initial estimates indicate that total production this year is 1.55 million tonnes, up from one million tonnes last year. So exporters are confident of achieving the $60-million target. However, for this to happen, it is important that they penetrate deeper into the Middle Eastern markets and reach out to half a dozen others with renewed vigour.

Chairman of All Pakistan Fruit and Vegetable Association Waheed Ahmed says that exporters will try to send sizable shipments of mangoes to Australia, Japan, Lebanon, Mauritius and the US. Besides, exports to GCC countries — UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar — will also remain under focus, though some issues, like shelf-life of fruits and affordable air freights, will have to be resolved.

Meanwhile, exports to neighbouring Iran, which is under US sanctions, will have to be revived through diplomatic efforts. Smuggling of mangoes through land routes to Iran has increased manifold after suspension of regular exports.

Exporters say the ministry of commerce should take up the issue of mango exports to Iran pointing out that whereas Pakistan’s fruit exports were suspended last year on fears that they could be seen as violation of US sanctions, India continued to export mangoes to Iran.

Growers and exporters say Pakistani mangoes are recognised world over as far more delicious and aromatic than Indian mangoes. “If this advantage is exploited, mango exports can be raised to new levels every year,” says a Karachi-based exporter Muhammad Ali Memon.

“In Saudi Arabia and UAE where millions of Pakistanis and Indians live, we’ve seen many Indian families buying Pakistani mangoes,” says Syed Shamsuddin, a Pakistani supplier of food items to hotels in Makkah, currently in Karachi on a business trip.

“Pakistani mangoes in 10-kg packing sell for about 30-60 Saudi riyals depending upon the variety. They are sold out at retail chain stores and in hotels in no time, and often a delay in arrival of fresh consignments creates room for Indian mangoes to capture the market,” Shamsuddin.

Inconsistent supply has created space for Indian mangoes in the UAE and other GCC countries as well, and at the root of the problem is that PIA normally does not run dedicated freight flights as they do not generate justifiable revenues. However, since last year, PIA has been allocating more space for fruit cargoes.

Exports of mangoes this year may see some change in that a giant food processing company and a chain of retail stores are readying themselves to enter this sector. Their officials say they have been in negotiations with major retail outlets in the UK, a few other European countries, Saudi Arabia and the UAE to make big supplies of quality mangoes that are in high demand.

Locally, arrangements have been made to ensure that these new exporters will purchase bulk quantity of mangoes from growers on the same pattern they collect milk from dairy farmers and, then after hygienic packaging, export the fruits.

“But of course everything will be on a limited scale this year, sort of a pilot project,” an official of one of the two mango exporters told Dawn. This will also ultimately weaken the culture of pre-crop auctions of the entire produce of a mango orchard by small fruit farm owners to wealthy investors.

“We have been doing this because of our financial problems,” says Syed Murshid Ali, a small fruit farm owner in the outskirts of Karachi. “But over the years, our status has been reduced to working hands for big landlords who are behind all this investment game.

They have elbowed out small farm owners and now a handful of them have actual access to mangoes grown in any particular area and they are the price setters now,” Ali told Dawn.

Whereas most exporters are optimistic of meeting mangoes exports target of 175,000 tonnes, their optimism is largely rooted in the fact that Pakistani mangoes are better and that the country has a ready market for its fruits in some 40 plus countries. But they are also aware of the challenges they face in important, new markets like the US.

Chairman PFVA Waheed Ahmed points out that Pakistani mangoes are supposed to be tested first at a Chicago-based radiation treatment plant before they are supplied to American buyers.

This handicap can severely hit export volumes. Ahmad says he has long been demanding that two radiation treatment plants be set up, one in Karachi and the other in Multan to improve the potential of mangoes exports up to $10 million to the US markets.

On the brighter side, this year, exports of mangoes to Japan would become easier as exporters have now the facility for vapour heat treatment of the fruits, which is a must for exporting mangoes to Japanese buyers. A VHT plant donated by Japan would be used for this purpose.

Exporters are also hopeful that exports to Australia would rise as there is possibility for pre-export clearance of larger volumes because after recent visits of the Australian officials to major orchards and mango processing facilities. But officially, a clean chit is yet to come.

DAWN

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